This is a preliminary final report. There are two outstanding provisions regarding the working advance balance in hand of two National Societies. The total of provision is CHF 28,536. The remaining balance from the contribution received from USAID, will be transferred to the projects in the Caribbean, linked to the 2018 Development Operational Plan. The remaining balance is CHF 1,550,339. the final narrative and financial reports will be published as soon as possible.
A. SITUATION ANALYSIS
Description of the disaster
Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne virus predominantly transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) - the same type of mosquitoes that spreads dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. In addition to mosquito bites, sexual transmission of the Zika virus has also been reported.
Symptoms of Zika infection are usually mild and last for two to seven days. Symptoms include mild fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache. It has been estimated that only one in five people infected with the virus will show any symptoms. Potential outcomes of the disease are more worrying. There is a proven link between microcephaly as well as other neurological manifestations (together called “congenital Zika virus syndrome) and Zika infection in pregnancy. Additionally, significant increases in Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) seen in countries with large-scale Zika virus outbreaks are considered a rare outcome of Zika virus.
Following a Zika virus outbreak in Brazil in 2015, the virus has been steadily spreading around the globe in areas where the Aedes mosquito is present. WHO declared the Zika virus a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in February 2016 and the IFRC initiated its Zika response the same month. On March 8, the Zika Emergency Committee announced there was evidence of a causal association between Zika and the neurological disorders and WHO recommended enhanced surveillance, research, and aggressive measures to reduce infections, particularly Emergency Plan of Action Preliminary Final Report Global: Zika Outbreak amongst pregnant women and women of childbearing age. By November 2016, WHO had announced that Zika was no longer a PHEIC however Zika is expected to remain a significant enduring public health challenge requiring intense action.
As of the last situation report issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 10th of March 2017, 84 countries reported evidence of Zika transmission. Forty-eight (48) countries in the Americas have reported local transmission of Zika since the beginning of the outbreak (Map 1). Thirty-one (31) countries globally and 24 in the Americas have reported microcephaly or central nervous system (CNS) malformation believed to be associated with congenital Zika virus infection. GBS associated with the Zika virus has been observed in 23 countries, 22 from the Americas region.
The Zika outbreak posed a significant threat because of the risk of the international spread of the virus, the lack of public information and experience with the disease, the lack of immunity in newly affected areas, and the absence of vaccines, treatments and rapid diagnostic tests.
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